What type of malware is specifically designed to hold a system hostage for ransom?

• A. Adware
• B. Spyware
• C. Ransomware
• D. Trojan horse

Answer: (C)

Ransomware is a type of malware specifically designed to hold a system hostage until a ransom is paid. It typically encrypts files or locks users out of their systems, making their data inaccessible. The attackers demand payment, often in cryptocurrency, in exchange for providing the decryption key or restoring access. This type of malware exploits the fear and urgency of users, pushing them to comply with the demands to recover their data.

In contrast, adware displays unwanted advertisements on a device but does not typically affect a user's ability to access their system or files. Spyware, on the other hand, is designed to secretly gather information from a user's device without their consent, tracking behaviors and stealing sensitive information. Trojan horses masquerade as legitimate software but can create backdoors for other types of malware or allow unauthorized access to a system. While they can be part of a ransomware attack, a Trojan itself does not specifically hold a system hostage for ransom. Thus, ransomware is the distinct type of malware that aligns directly with the description of holding a system hostage for ransom.