Which type of security control is used to prevent unauthorized access?

• A. Physical control
• B. Access control
• C. Technical control
• D. Operational control

Answer: (B)

Access control is crucial in establishing a framework that determines who can view or use resources within a computing environment. It specifically focuses on preventing unauthorized access to systems, applications, networks, or data. Access control mechanisms can include user authentication processes, such as passwords and biometric scans, as well as authorization protocols that define what actions a user is allowed to perform once identified.

This type of security control is critical for protecting sensitive information and ensuring that only legitimate users have access to specific resources. Effective access control policies may also employ role-based access controls (RBAC), ensuring that permissions align with individual job responsibilities.

While physical controls focus on securing physical environments (like buildings and hardware), technical controls pertain more broadly to security technologies like firewalls and encryption, and operational controls involve day-to-day procedures and practices for managing security. Access control specifically targets the prevention of unauthorized access, making it the most relevant type of control in this context.